samba

SAMBA

 Samba adalah perangkat lunak bebas ulang implementasi SMB / CIFS networking
protokol, awalnya dikembangkan oleh Andrew Tridgell. Samba menyediakan layanan
untuk berbagai klien dan dapat berintegrasi dengan Windows Server domain, baik sebagai
sebuah Primary Domain Controller (PDC) atau sebagai anggota domain. Samba juga
dikenal sebagai sebuah program yang handal untuk File dan Printer Sharing. Samba
Menggunakan protokol Server Message Block (SMB) untuk memudahkan berbagi file,
folder, volume, dan berbagi printer melalui jaringan. Secara fungsionalitas ada tiga
klasifikasi kategori service yang diberikan, yaitu :
1. File and Printer Sharing Services. menggunakan protokol Server Message Block
(SMB) untuk sharing file, folder, dan printers melalui jaringan.
2. Directory Services. Berbagi informasi penting tentang komputer dan pengguna
jaringan dengan teknologi Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) dan
Microsoft Active Directory
3. Otentikasi dan Akses. Menetapkan identitas seorang pengguna komputer atau
jaringan dan menentukan informasi komputer atau user berwenang untuk
mengakses dengan menggunakan prinsip-prinsip dan teknologi tersebut
sebagai file permissions, kelompok kebijakan, dan layanan.
Panduan Server Ubuntu akan memperkenalkan secara singkat instalasi dan konfigurasi
dari server Samba. Dokumentasi dan informasi rinci tentang SAMBA bisa ditemui di
website resminya www.samba.org.
INSTALASI
Untuk instalasi Samba, hal yang pertama dilakukan adalah mencari paket samba :
sudo aptitude search samba
Jika Paket sudah ditemukan, lakukan instalasi paket samba dan smbclient :
sudo apt-get install samba smbclient
Untuk dapat melakukan mount file system Windows menggunakan SMB, lakukan instalasi
paket smbfs:
sudo apt-get install smbfs
START, STOP DAN RESTART
Untuk mengaktifkan service samba lakukan perintah :
sudo /etc/init.d/samba start
Untuk menghentikan service samba lakukan perintah :
sudo /etc/init.d/samba stop
Untuk restart service samba lakukan perintah :
sudo /etc/init.d/samba restart
23
KONFIGURASI
File konfigurasi untuk Samba dapat ditemui di /etc/samba/smb.conf. Didalamnya kita
dapat melakukan perubahan pada Samba. Informasi lebih detail mengenai konfigurasi
dapat dilihat pada manual /etc/samba/smb.conf dengan cara mengakses perintah :
man smb.conf
Hal yang cukup penting adalah melakukan backup file konfigurasi
/etc/samba/smb.conf dengan melakukan perintah copy sebagai berikut :
sudo cp /etc/samba/smb.conf /etc/samba/smb.conf.original
Setelah melakukan backup kita dapat memulai melakukan konfigurasi file
/etc/samba/smb.conf dengan editor yang dikehendaki :
sudo nano /etc/samba/smb.conf
Berikut adalah contoh konfigurasi file /etc/samba/smb.conf :
# This is the main Samba configuration file. You should read the
# smb.conf(5) manual page in order to understand the options listed
# here. Samba has a huge number of configurable options (perhaps too
# many!) most of which are not shown in this example
#
# For a step to step guide on installing, configuring and using samba,
# read the Samba-HOWTO-Collection. This may be obtained from:
# http://www.samba.org/samba/docs/Samba-HOWTO-Collection.pdf
#
# Many working examples of smb.conf files can be found in the
# Samba-Guide which is generated daily and can be downloaded from:
# http://www.samba.org/samba/docs/Samba-Guide.pdf
#
# Any line which starts with a ; (semi-colon) or a # (hash)
# is a comment and is ignored. In this example we will use a #
# for commentry and a ; for parts of the config file that you
# may wish to enable
#
# NOTE: Whenever you modify this file you should run the command "testparm"
# to check that you have not made any basic syntactic errors.
# #===================GlobalSettings=====================
[global]
# workgroup = NT-Domain-Name or Workgroup-Name, eg: LINUX2
workgroup = FASTER
# server string is the equivalent of the NT Description field
server string = OSS File Server
# Security mode. Defines in which mode Samba will operate. Possible
# values are share, user, server, domain and ads. Most people will want
# user level security. See the Samba-HOWTO-Collection for details.
security = user
# This option is important for security. It allows you to restrict
# connections to machines which are on your local network. The
# following example restricts access to two C class networks and
# the "loopback" interface. For more examples of the syntax see
# the smb.conf man page
; hosts allow = 192.168.1. 192.168.2. 127.
# If you want to automatically load your printer list rather
# than setting them up individually then you'll need this
; load printers = yes
24
# you may wish to override the location of the printcap file
; printcap name = /etc/printcap
# on SystemV system setting printcap name to lpstat should allow
# you to automatically obtain a printer list from the SystemV spool
# system
; printcap name = lpstat
# It should not be necessary to specify the print system type unless
# it is non-standard. Currently supported print systems include:
# bsd, cups, sysv, plp, lprng, aix, hpux, qnx
; printing = cups
# Uncomment this if you want a guest account, you must add this to /etc/passwd
# otherwise the user "nobody" is used
; guest account = pcguest
# this tells Samba to use a separate log file for each machine
# that connects
log file = /var/log/samba.%m
# Put a capping on the size of the log files (in Kb).
max log size = 100
# Use password server option only with security = server
# The argument list may include:
# password server = My_PDC_Name [My_BDC_Name] [My_Next_BDC_Name]
# or to auto-locate the domain controller/s
# password server = *
; password server = <NT-Server-Name>
# Use the realm option only with security = ads
# Specifies the Active Directory realm the host is part of
; realm = MY_REALM
# Backend to store user information in. New installations should
# use either tdbsam or ldapsam. smbpasswd is available for backwards
# compatibility. tdbsam requires no further configuration.
; passdb backend = tdbsam
# Using the following line enables you to customise your configuration
# on a per machine basis. The %m gets replaced with the netbios name
# of the machine that is connecting.
# Note: Consider carefully the location in the configuration file of
# this line. The included file is read at that point.
; include = /usr/local/samba/lib/smb.conf.%m
# Configure Samba to use multiple interfaces
# If you have multiple network interfaces then you must list them
# here. See the man page for details.
; interfaces = 192.168.12.2/24 192.168.13.2/24
# Browser Control Options:
# set local master to no if you don't want Samba to become a master
# browser on your network. Otherwise the normal election rules apply
; local master = no
# OS Level determines the precedence of this server in master browser
# elections. The default value should be reasonable
; os level = 33
# Domain Master specifies Samba to be the Domain Master Browser. This
# allows Samba to collate browse lists between subnets. Don't use this
# if you already have a Windows NT domain controller doing this job
25
; domain master = yes
# Preferred Master causes Samba to force a local browser election on startup
# and gives it a slightly higher chance of winning the election
; preferred master = yes
# Enable this if you want Samba to be a domain logon server for
# Windows95 workstations.
; domain logons = yes
# if you enable domain logons then you may want a per-machine or
# per user logon script
# run a specific logon batch file per workstation (machine)
; logon script = %m.bat
# run a specific logon batch file per username
; logon script = %U.bat
# Where to store roving profiles (only for Win95 and WinNT)
# %L substitutes for this servers netbios name, %U is username
# You must uncomment the [Profiles] share below
; logon path = \\%L\Profiles\%U
# Windows Internet Name Serving Support Section:
# WINS Support - Tells the NMBD component of Samba to enable it's WINS Server
; wins support = yes
# WINS Server - Tells the NMBD components of Samba to be a WINS Client
# Note: Samba can be either a WINS Server, or a WINS Client, but NOT both
; wins server = w.x.y.z
# WINS Proxy - Tells Samba to answer name resolution queries on
# behalf of a non WINS capable client, for this to work there must be
# at least one WINS Server on the network. The default is NO.
; wins proxy = yes
# DNS Proxy - tells Samba whether or not to try to resolve NetBIOS names
# via DNS nslookups. The default is NO.
dns proxy = no
# These scripts are used on a domain controller or stand-alone
# machine to add or delete corresponding unix accounts
; add user script = /usr/sbin/useradd %u
; add group script = /usr/sbin/groupadd %g
; add machine script = /usr/sbin/adduser -n -g machines -c Machine -d /dev/null -s /bin/false %u
; delete user script = /usr/sbin/userdel %u
; delete user from group script = /usr/sbin/deluser %u %g
; delete group script = /usr/sbin/groupdel %g
#============================ Share Definitions ==============================
[homes]
comment = Home Directories
valid users = %S
browseable = no
writable = yes
create mask = 0750
directory mask = 0750
# Un-comment the following and create the netlogon directory for Domain Logons
; [netlogon]
; comment = Network Logon Service
; path = /usr/local/samba/lib/netlogon
; guest ok = yes
; writable = no
; share modes = no
26
# Un-comment the following to provide a specific roving profile share
# the default is to use the user's home directory
;[Profiles]
; path = /usr/local/samba/profiles
; browseable = no
; guest ok = yes
# NOTE: If you have a BSD-style print system there is no need to
# specifically define each individual printer
;[printers]
; comment = All Printers
; path = /var/spool/samba
; browseable = no
# Set public = yes to allow user 'guest account' to print
; guest ok = no
; writable = no
; printable = yes
# This one is useful for people to share files
;[tmp]
; comment = Temporary file space
; path = /tmp
; read only = no
; public = yes
# A publicly accessible directory, but read only, except for people in
# the "staff" group
;[public]
; comment = Public Stuff
; path = /home/samba
; public = yes
; writable = yes
; printable = no
; write list = @staff
# Other examples.
#
# A private printer, usable only by fred. Spool data will be placed in fred's
# home directory. Note that fred must have write access to the spool directory,
# wherever it is.
;[fredsprn]
; comment = Fred's Printer
; valid users = fred
; path = /homes/fred
; printer = freds_printer
; public = no
; writable = no
; printable = yes
# A private directory, usable only by fred. Note that fred requires write
# access to the directory.
;[fredsdir]
; comment = Fred's Service
; path = /usr/somewhere/private
; valid users = fred
; public = no
; writable = yes
; printable = no
# a service which has a different directory for each machine that connects
# this allows you to tailor configurations to incoming machines. You could
# also use the %U option to tailor it by user name.
27
# The %m gets replaced with the machine name that is connecting.
;[pchome]
; comment = PC Directories
; path = /usr/pc/%m
; public = no
; writable = yes
# A publicly accessible directory, read/write to all users. Note that all files
# created in the directory by users will be owned by the default user, so
# any user with access can delete any other user's files. Obviously this
# directory must be writable by the default user. Another user could of course
# be specified, in which case all files would be owned by that user instead.
;[public]
; path = /usr/somewhere/else/public
; public = yes
; only guest = yes
; writable = yes
; printable = no
# The following two entries demonstrate how to share a directory so that two
# users can place files there that will be owned by the specific users. In this
# setup, the directory should be writable by both users and should have the
# sticky bit set on it to prevent abuse. Obviously this could be extended to
# as many users as required.
;[myshare]
; comment = Mary's and Fred's stuff
; path = /usr/somewhere/shared
; valid users = mary fred
; public = no
; writable = yes
; printable = no
; create mask = 0765
[repo]
comment = Repository
path = /home/ftp/repository
public = yes
writable = no
Hal penting yang harus diketahui adalah tanda jika fungsi yang dimulai dengan tanda titik
koma ( ; ) akan bersifat non-aktif.
Pada dasarnya ada empat parameter utama yang harus dikonfigurasi pada
/etc/samba/smb.conf, yaitu :
1. Workgroup, adalah nama workgroup yang akan digunakan
workgroup = FASTER
2. Security, adalah pengaturan keamanan bagi akses Samba
security = user
3. Valid User, adalah definisi user yang akan menggunakan service Samba
valid users = %S, nama_user, @(grup)
28
4. Invalid Users, adalah pengaturan keamanan bagi user yang tidak boleh
menggunakan Samba
invalid users = root
Contoh struktur untuk share direktori adalah sebagai berikut :
[homes]
comment = Home Directories
valid users = %S
browseable = no
writable = yes
create mask = 0750
directory mask = 0750
Keterangan :
[homes], adalah nama direktori yang akan dishare
comment = Home Directories , adalah comment atau keterangan
valid users = %S, adalah parameter user yang dapat mengakses Samba. Dapat juga
menggunakan nama user atau grup.
browseable = no, adalah opsi untuk menampilan direktori
writable = yes, adalah perintah untuk dapat melakukan penambahan data pada
direktori yang dishare
create mask = 0750, adalah permission file untuk file yang dibuat pada direktori
directory mask = 0750, adalah permission file untuk direktori baru yang dibuat
Perlu diperhatikan jika file konfigurasi diubah,maka restart service Samba harus dilakukan.
MENGUBAH PASSWORD USER SAMBA
Untuk mengubah password user samba, lakukan perintah :
sudo smbpasswd -a NAMA_USER
Perlu diingat bahwa password user pada account sistem operasi tidak langsung
dapat dipakai untuk akses service samba. Maka pengaturan smbpasswd harus
dilakukan terlebih dahulu.
AKSES DAN CEK SAMBA
Untuk melakukan cek terhadap service samba dapat dilakukan dengan perintah :
sudo smbclient -L 10.0.0.1 (alamat Ip Server) / Nama Domain
Untuk mengakses file sharing melalui samba dapat dilakukan dengan memasukan
perintah berikut pada file browser:
smb://10.0.0.1 (alamat Ip Server) / Nama Domain
Untuk melakukan mount melalui konsole terminal, lakukan perintah:
sudo mount -t smbfs -o username //direktori_samba /direktori_tujuan